Momwe Mungapewere Vavu Kuti Isawonongeke

Electrochemical corrosion imawononga zitsulo m'njira zosiyanasiyana.Sizimagwira ntchito pakati pa zitsulo ziwiri zokha, komanso zimapanga kusiyana komwe kungatheke chifukwa cha kusungunuka kosauka kwa yankho, kusungunuka kosauka kwa okosijeni, ndi kusiyana pang'ono kwa mkati mwazitsulo, zomwe zimakulitsa dzimbiri..Zitsulo zina zokha sizikhala ndi dzimbiri, koma zimatha kupanga filimu yabwino kwambiri yoteteza pambuyo pakuwonongeka, ndiko kuti, filimu ya passivation, yomwe ingalepheretse kuwonongeka kwa sing'anga.Zitha kuwoneka kuti pofuna kukwaniritsa cholinga cha anti-corrosion ya ma valves achitsulo, imodzi ndiyo kuthetsa kuwonongeka kwa electrochemical;china ndi kuthetsa dzimbiri electrochemical;filimu yopanda kanthu iyenera kupangidwa pamwamba pazitsulo;chachitatu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopanda zitsulo popanda dzimbiri electrochemical m'malo mwa zitsulo.Njira zingapo zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri zafotokozedwa pansipa.

1. Sankhani zinthu zosagwira dzimbiri malinga ndi sing'anga

Mu gawo la "Valve Selection", tidayambitsa njira yoyenera yopangira zida wamba za valve, koma ndizongoyambira chabe.Pakupanga kwenikweni, dzimbiri la sing'anga ndizovuta kwambiri, ngakhale zitagwiritsidwa ntchito sing'anga Zinthu za valve ndizofanana, ndende, kutentha ndi kupanikizika kwa sing'anga ndizosiyana, ndipo kuwonongeka kwa sing'anga ndi zinthu ndizosiyana. komanso zosiyana.Kutentha kwa sing'anga kumawonjezeka ndi 10 ° C, kuchuluka kwa dzimbiri kumawonjezeka pafupifupi 1 mpaka 3 nthawi.Kuphatikizika kwapakati kumakhudza kwambiri kuwonongeka kwa zida za valve.Mwachitsanzo, pamene mtovu uli mu sulfuric acid ndi ndende yaing'ono, dzimbiri zimakhala zochepa kwambiri.Pamene ndende iposa 96%, dzimbiri limakwera kwambiri.M'malo mwake, chitsulo cha carbon chimakhala ndi dzimbiri kwambiri pamene ndende ya asidi sulfuric pafupifupi 50%, ndipo pamene ndende ukuwonjezeka kuposa 6%, dzimbiri amachepetsa kwambiri.Mwachitsanzo, zotayidwa ndi dzimbiri mu anaikira nitric asidi ndi ndende oposa 80%, koma kwambiri dzimbiri sing'anga ndi otsika woipa wa nitric asidi.Ngakhale chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimakhala ndi kukana kwamphamvu kwa dzimbiri kuti chichepetse asidi wa nitric, dzimbiri zimakulirakulira kuposa 95% ya nitric acid.

Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera ku zitsanzo zomwe zili pamwambazi kuti kusankha koyenera kwa zipangizo za valve ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa pazochitika zenizeni, kusanthula zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhudza kuwonongeka, ndikusankha zipangizo malinga ndi zolemba zoyenera zotsutsana ndi zowonongeka.

2.Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopanda zitsulo

Non-metallic corrosion resistance ndi bwino kwambiri.Malingana ngati kutentha kwa valve yogwiritsira ntchito ndi kupanikizika kumakwaniritsa zofunikira za zinthu zopanda zitsulo, sikungathe kuthetsa vuto la dzimbiri, komanso kupulumutsa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali.Thupi la valve, boneti, lining, kusindikiza pamwamba, ndi zina zotero nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi zinthu zopanda zitsulo.Ponena za ma gaskets, mapaketi amapangidwa makamaka ndi zinthu zopanda zitsulo.Chovala cha valve chimapangidwa ndi mapulasitiki monga polytetrafluoroethylene ndi chlorinated polyether, komanso mphira monga mphira wachilengedwe, neoprene ndi mphira wa nitrile, pamene thupi la valve ndi chophimba cha valve nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa ndi chitsulo choponyedwa ndi carbon steel.Sizimangotsimikizira mphamvu ya valavu, komanso zimatsimikizira kuti valavu siiwonongeka.Valve ya pinch idapangidwanso kutengera kukana kwa dzimbiri komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri a rabara.Masiku ano, ndizolondola kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito nayiloni, PTFE ndi mapulasitiki ena, ndi mphira wachilengedwe ndi mphira wopangira kupanga malo osiyanasiyana osindikizira ndi mphete zosindikizira, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma valve.Zida zopanda zitsulo izi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zosindikizira Zinthu Zakuthupi, osati kukana kwa dzimbiri kokha, komanso ntchito yabwino yosindikiza, makamaka yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazofalitsa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono.Zoonadi, mphamvu zawo ndi kukana kutentha ndizochepa, zimalepheretsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana.The zikamera wa kusintha graphite wabweretsa sanali zitsulo m'munda mkulu-kutentha, anathetsa kwa nthawi yaitali zovuta kuthetsa vuto kulongedza katundu ndi gasket kutayikira, ndi wabwino mkulu kutentha lubricant.

3. Utsi penti

Kupaka ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poletsa dzimbiri, ndipo ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri choletsa dzimbiri komanso chizindikiritso pa zinthu za valve.Zovala ndizopanda zitsulo.Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi utomoni wopangira, slurry wa rabara, mafuta a masamba, zosungunulira, ndi zina zambiri, ndikuphimba pamwamba pazitsulo kuti alekanitse sing'anga ndi mlengalenga kuti akwaniritse zolinga zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri.Zovala zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'malo omwe sakhala owononga kwambiri, monga madzi, madzi amchere, madzi a m'nyanja, ndi mpweya.Mkatikati mwa valavu nthawi zambiri amapaka utoto wa anti-corrosion kuti ateteze madzi, mpweya ndi zinthu zina kuti zisawononge valavu.Utoto umasakanizidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuyimira zida zomwe Fahn amagwiritsa ntchito.Vavu imapopedwa ndi utoto, nthawi zambiri kamodzi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka chaka chimodzi.

4. Onjezani corrosion inhibitor

Kuwonjezera pang'ono zinthu zina zapadera ku sing'anga zowononga ndi zinthu zowononga kwambiri kungachedwetse kwambiri liwiro la dzimbiri lachitsulo.Zinthu zapaderazi zimatchedwa corrosion inhibitor.

Njira yomwe corrosion inhibitor imayendetsa dzimbiri ndikuti imathandizira kufalikira kwa batri.Corrosion inhibitors amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu media ndi ma fillers.Kuonjezera corrosion inhibitor pa sing'anga kumatha kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa zida ndi ma valve.Mwachitsanzo, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha chromium-nickel mu sulfuric acid wopanda okosijeni chimakhala ndi zosungunuka zambiri m'malo otenthedwa, ndipo kutukula kumakhala koopsa, koma mkuwa wa sulfate kapena nitric acid umawonjezeredwa.Pamene oxidant imagwiritsidwa ntchito, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimatha kusandulika kukhala zopanda pake, ndipo filimu yotetezera imapangidwa pamwamba kuti zisawonongeke zapakati.Mu hydrochloric acid, ngati kuchuluka kwa okosijeni kuwonjezeredwa, dzimbiri la titaniyamu limatha kuchepetsedwa.Madzi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yoyezera kuthamanga kwa ma valve, komwe kumakhala kosavuta kuyambitsa dzimbiri.Kuwonjezera pang'ono sodium nitrite m'madzi kungalepheretse madzi kuwononga valavu.Zonyamula za asibesitosi zimakhala ndi ma chloride, omwe amawononga tsinde la valve kwambiri.Ngati njira yotsuka ndi madzi osungunuka imagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zili mu kloridi zimatha kuchepetsedwa.Komabe, njirayi ndi yovuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndipo siingathe kulimbikitsidwa kawirikawiri.Ester ndi yoyenera pa zosowa zapadera.

Pofuna kuteteza tsinde la valavu ndikuletsa kuwonongeka kwa asbestos kulongedza, tsinde la valve limadzazidwa ndi corrosion inhibitor ndi zitsulo zoperekera nsembe muzonyamula za asbestos.The corrosion inhibitor imapangidwa ndi sodium nitrite ndi sodium chromate, yomwe imatha kupanga filimu yodutsa pamwamba pa tsinde la valve kuti ipititse patsogolo kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa tsinde la valve;zosungunulira zimatha kusungunula pang'onopang'ono corrosion inhibitor ndikuchita gawo lopaka mafuta;mu asbestos Zinc ufa amawonjezedwa ngati chitsulo choperekera nsembe.Ndipotu, zinc ndi corrosion inhibitor.Ikhoza kugwirizanitsa ndi kloridi mu asibesitosi, kotero kuti kukhudzana pakati pa kloride ndi chitsulo cha valve tsinde kumachepetsedwa kwambiri, kuti akwaniritse cholinga cha anti-corrosion.Ngati corrosion inhibitor monga red red ndi calcium lead acid awonjezeredwa papenti, kupopera mbewu pamwamba pa valavu kungalepheretse kuwonongeka kwa mumlengalenga.

5. Chitetezo cha electrochemical

Pali mitundu iwiri ya chitetezo electrochemical: anodic chitetezo ndi cathodic chitetezo.Zomwe zimatchedwa chitetezo cha anodic ndikugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zoteteza ngati anode kuti zidziwitse zakunja zachindunji kuti ziwonjezere mphamvu ya anode munjira yabwino.Ikafika pamtengo wina, filimu yoteteza kwambiri imapangidwa pamwamba pa anode yachitsulo, yomwe ndi filimu ya passivation.Kuwonongeka kwa zitsulo cathodes kumachepetsedwa kwambiri.Anodic chitetezo ndi oyenera zitsulo kuti mosavuta passivated.Zomwe zimatchedwa chitetezo cha cathodic zikutanthauza kuti chitsulo chotetezedwa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cathode, ndipo mwachindunji chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti chichepetse mphamvu zake molakwika.Ikafika pamtengo wina womwe ungathe, kuthamanga kwapano kwa dzimbiri kumachepetsedwa ndipo chitsulo chimatetezedwa.Kuphatikiza apo, chitetezo cha cathodic chingateteze chitsulo chotetezedwa ndi chitsulo chomwe mphamvu yake ya elekitirodi imakhala yoyipa kuposa yachitsulo chotetezedwa.Ngati nthaka ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza chitsulo, zinc imawonongeka, ndipo zinc imatchedwa chitsulo choperekera nsembe.Pakupanga, chitetezo cha anodic chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mochepera, ndipo chitetezo cha cathodic chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Ma valve akuluakulu ndi ma valve ofunikira amagwiritsa ntchito njira iyi yotetezera cathodic, yomwe ndi njira yachuma, yosavuta komanso yothandiza.Zinc imawonjezedwa ku filler ya asibesitosi kuti iteteze tsinde la valve, lomwe limakhalanso la njira yoteteza cathodic.

6. Metal pamwamba mankhwala

Metal pamwamba mankhwala njira ndi bwino kuposa matalala ❖ kuyanika, pamwamba malowedwe, pamwamba makutidwe ndi okosijeni passivation, etc. Cholinga chake ndi kusintha dzimbiri kukana zitsulo ndi kusintha makina mphamvu zitsulo.Ma valve opangidwa ndi pamwamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

Chomangira cholumikizira valavu nthawi zambiri chimakhala ngati malata, chopukutidwa ndi chrome, komanso okosijeni (blued) kuti chiwongolere kukana kwa dzimbiri mumlengalenga ndi apakatikati.Kuphatikiza pa njira zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa za zomangira zina, chithandizo chapamwamba monga phosphating chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito molingana ndi momwe zilili.

Malo osindikizira ndi magawo otsekera okhala ndi mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira zapamtunda monga nitriding ndi boronizing kuti apititse patsogolo kukana kwa dzimbiri komanso kukana kuvala.Chimbale cha valve chopangidwa ndi 38CrMoAlA, wosanjikiza wa nitrided ndi wamkulu kuposa kapena wofanana ndi 0.4mm.

Vuto la valve stem anti-corrosion ndi vuto lomwe anthu amalabadira.Tapeza luso lopanga zinthu zambiri.Njira zochizira pamwamba monga nitriding, boronizing, chrome plating ndi nickel plating nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zithandizire kuti zisawonongeke, kukana kwa dzimbiri komanso kukana abrasion.ntchito zovulaza.Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamankhwala iyenera kukhala yoyenera pazida zosiyanasiyana za valavu ndi malo ogwirira ntchito.The valve tsinde kukhudzana ndi mlengalenga, madzi nthunzi sing'anga ndi asibestosi kulongedza akhoza yokutidwa ndi chrome wolimba ndi mpweya nitriding ndondomeko (chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri sikoyenera ion nitriding ndondomeko);M'mlengalenga wa hydrogen sulfide, valavu imapangidwa ndi electroplated ndi phosphorous nickel yokutira, yomwe imakhala ndi chitetezo chabwino;38CrMoAlA imathanso kukana dzimbiri ndi ayoni ndi nitriding ya gasi, koma sizoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zokutira zolimba za chromium;2Cr13 imatha kukana dzimbiri la ammonia pambuyo pozimitsa ndi kutentha.Chitsulo cha kaboni chogwiritsa ntchito nitriding ya gasi chimalimbananso ndi dzimbiri la ammonia, pomwe zokutira zonse za phosphorous-nickel sizimalimbana ndi dzimbiri la ammonia;Pambuyo pa nitriding ya gasi, 38CrMoAlA zinthu zimakhala ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri komanso magwiridwe antchito athunthu, ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsanzo zambiri za valve.

Matupi a valve ang'onoang'ono ndi mawilo am'manja nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi chrome kuti apititse patsogolo kukana kwa dzimbiri ndikukongoletsa valavu.

7. Kupopera mbewu kwa matenthedwe

Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa matenthedwe ndi mtundu wa njira chipika pokonzekera zokutira ndipo wakhala mmodzi wa matekinoloje atsopano kwa zinthu padziko chitetezo.Ndilo pulojekiti yapadziko lonse yopititsa patsogolo makiyi.Amagwiritsa ntchito gwero la kutentha kwamphamvu kwambiri (lawi loyaka gasi, arc yamagetsi, plasma arc, kutentha kwamagetsi, kuphulika kwa gasi, ndi zina zotero) kutenthetsa ndi kusungunula zitsulo kapena zinthu zopanda zitsulo, kenako n'kupopera pamwamba pazitsulo zoyambira kale. mawonekedwe a atomization kupanga zokutira kutsitsi., kapena kutenthetsa malo oyambira nthawi yomweyo, kotero kuti zokutira zisungunukenso pamwamba pa gawo lapansi, ndipo njira yolimbikitsira pamwamba pazitsulo zotsekemera zimapangidwira.Zitsulo zambiri ndi ma aloyi ake, metal oxide ceramics, cermet composites, ndi zinthu zachitsulo zolimba zimatha kuphimbidwa pazitsulo zazitsulo kapena zopanda zitsulo ndi njira imodzi kapena zingapo zopopera mafuta.

Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumatha kupititsa patsogolo kukana kwake kwa dzimbiri, kukana kuvala, kukana kutentha kwambiri ndi zinthu zina, ndikutalikitsa moyo wake wautumiki.Kupaka kupopera kwamafuta okhala ndi ntchito zapadera kumakhala ndi zinthu zapadera monga kutchinjiriza kutentha, kutchinjiriza (kapena magetsi osiyanasiyana), kusindikiza kopukutira, kudzipaka mafuta, ma radiation otentha, kutchingira kwamagetsi, ndi zina zambiri;mbali zikhoza kukonzedwa ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa matenthedwe.

8. Sungani malo owononga

Malo otchedwa chilengedwe ali ndi mphamvu ziwiri zazikulu ndi zopapatiza.Malo otakata amatanthauza chilengedwe chozungulira malo oyika ma valve ndi sing'anga yake yozungulira mkati;chilengedwe chopapatiza chimatanthawuza zomwe zili pafupi ndi malo oyika ma valve.Malo ambiri sangathe kuwongoleredwa ndipo njira zopangira sizingasinthidwe mosasamala.Pokhapokha ngati sichidzawononga mankhwala, ndondomeko, ndi zina zotero, njira yoyendetsera chilengedwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito, monga deoxidizing madzi ophikira madzi, kusintha pH mtengo wa alkali m'nyumba mu ndondomeko yoyenga, etc. malingaliro awa, kuwonjezereka kotchulidwa pamwambapa kwa corrosion inhibitors, chitetezo cha electrochemical, etc.

Mlengalenga uli wodzaza ndi fumbi, nthunzi yamadzi ndi utsi, makamaka m'malo opangira, monga utsi wa halogen, mpweya wapoizoni ndi ufa wabwino wopangidwa ndi zida, zomwe zidzawononge valavu ku madigiri osiyanasiyana.Ogwira ntchito amayenera kutsuka ndikutsuka ma valve nthawi zonse ndikuwonjezera mafuta pafupipafupi malinga ndi malamulo a kachitidwe kachitidwe, zomwe ndi njira zowongolera kuwononga chilengedwe.Tsinde la valve limayikidwa ndi chivundikiro chotetezera, valavu ya pansi imayikidwa pansi bwino, ndipo pamwamba pa valve imatayidwa ndi utoto, ndi zina zotero, zomwe ndi njira zonse zotetezera kuti valavu ikhale ndi zinthu zowonongeka.Kutentha kwakukulu kozungulira ndi kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya, makamaka kwa zida ndi mavavu omwe ali pamalo otsekedwa, kumathandizira kuti dzimbiri lawo liwonongeke.Malo ochitirako msonkhano otseguka kapena njira zolowera mpweya wabwino ndi kuzizirira ziyenera kutsatiridwa momwe zingathere kuti zichepetse kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe.

9. Kupititsa patsogolo teknoloji yokonza ndi mapangidwe a valve

Chitetezo cha anti-corrosion cha valve ndi vuto lomwe limaganiziridwa kuchokera ku mapangidwe, chinthu cha valve chokhala ndi mapangidwe omveka bwino komanso njira yoyenera.Palibe kukayikira kuti zimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa valve.