Zowonongeka Zoponyera Zazitsulo Zachitsulo - Pores ndi Shrinkage Porosity

Padzakhala zolakwika pakupanga kulikonse.Kukhalapo kwa zolakwika izi kudzabweretsa ngozi yobisika ku khalidwe lamkati la kuponyera.Kukonza kuwotcherera kuti athetse zolakwika izi popanga kubweretsanso mtolo waukulu pakupanga..Makamaka, monga valavu ndi yowonda-chipolopolo choponyedwa chomwe chimayang'aniridwa ndi kupanikizika ndi kutentha, kusakanikirana kwa mkati mwake ndikofunika kwambiri.Chifukwa chake, zolakwika zamkati za castings zimakhala zomwe zimakhudza mtundu wa castings.

Zowonongeka zamkati za ma valve castings makamaka zimaphatikizapo pores, slag inclusions, shrinkage porosity ndi ming'alu.

Apa tikuwonetsa chimodzi mwazovuta zazikulu ----Pores ndi shrinkage porosity

(1) Mabomba:

Pores amapangidwa ndi mpweya, pamwamba pa dzenjelo ndi losalala, ndipo amapangidwa mkati kapena pafupi ndi pamwamba pa kuponyera, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amakhala ozungulira kapena oval.

Magwero akuluakulu a gasi omwe amapanga pores ndi awa:

①Nayitrogeni ndi haidrojeni zomwe zimasungunuka muzitsulo zimakhala muzitsulo panthawi yokhazikika, ndikupanga khoma lamkati lozungulira kapena lozungulira lokhala ndi zitsulo zonyezimira.

②Chinyezi kapena zinthu zosasunthika muzinthu zofananira zitha kukhala mpweya chifukwa cha kutentha, kupanga ma pores okhala ndi makoma amkati akuda.

③ Panthawi yothira zitsulo, chifukwa cha kuyenda kosasunthika, mpweya umakhudzidwa kupanga pores.

Momwe mungapewere kuwonongeka kwa Pores:

①Mukusungunula, gwiritsani ntchito zitsulo zazing'ono kapena zosakhala ndi dzimbiri momwe mungathere, ndikuphika ndi kuuma zida ndi ladle.

②Chitsulo chosungunuka chiyenera kutulutsidwa pa kutentha kwakukulu ndikutsanuliridwa pa kutentha kochepa, ndipo chitsulo chosungunuka chiyenera kukhazikika bwino kuti gasi aziyandama.

③ Kapangidwe kake kakutsanulira kokwera kuyenera kuonjezera kupanikizika kwa mutu wachitsulo chosungunula kuti asatengeke ndi mpweya, ndikukhazikitsa njira yopangira gasi kuti itope mokwanira.

④Zinthu zomangira ziyenera kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi kutulutsa mpweya, kuonjezera mpweya, ndi nkhungu zamchenga ndi mchenga ziyenera kuphikidwa ndikuwumitsidwa momwe zingathere.

(2)Kuchucha mbowo (kumasuka):

Ndiwogwirizana kapena wosasunthika wozungulira kapena wosasinthasintha (cavity) mkati mwa kuponyera (makamaka pamtunda wotentha), wokhala ndi mkati mwa mkati ndi mtundu wakuda.Mbewuzo ndi zowawa, makamaka ma dendrites, ndipo zimasonkhana m'malo amodzi kapena angapo, ndipo kutayikira ndikosavuta kuchitika pakuyesa kwa hydraulic.

Zifukwa za kuchepa kwa magazi (kutayika):

voliyumu imachepa pamene chitsulo chakhazikika kuchoka pamadzi kupita ku malo olimba.The shrinkage cavity of castings zitsulo zimayamba chifukwa cha kuwongolera kosayenera kwa sequential solidification process, yomwe imatha kuyambitsidwa ndi kukhazikika kolakwika kokwera, kutentha kwakukulu kwachitsulo chosungunula kutsanuliridwa, ndi kuchepa kwachitsulo kwakukulu.

Njira zopewera kuchepa kwa minyewa (yotayirira):

①Pangani mwasayansi makina oponyamo kuti chitsulo chosungunula chizilimba motsatizana, ndipo gawo loyamba lolimba liyenera kuwonjezeredwa ndi chitsulo chosungunuka.

②Khalani moyenera komanso moyenera zokwera, zothandizira, ndi zitsulo zozizira zamkati ndi zakunja kuti zitsimikizire kukhazikika motsatizana.

③Mukathira chitsulo chosungunula, kutsanulira kuchokera pamwamba pa chokwera kumathandizira kuonetsetsa kutentha ndi kudyetsa chitsulo chosungunulacho, ndikuchepetsa kutulutsa kwa mabowo.

④Potengera kuthamanga kwa kuthira, kuthira kocheperako kumathandizira kulimbitsa motsatizana kuposa kuthira mothamanga kwambiri.

⑤Kutentha kwa madzi kusakhale kokwera kwambiri.Chitsulo chosungunuka chimatulutsidwa pa kutentha kwakukulu ndikutsanuliridwa pambuyo pa sedation, zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa ming'oma ya shrinkage.